Off-Grid Solar System Calculator
Size panels for average daily AC energy, batteries for autonomy, and an inverter for running and startup power.
The formula, every assumption, and the primary sources behind this tool are published on this page.
Results
Daily AC load (kWh/day): 5 kWh/day
Solar array: 4 panels / 1.6 kW
Open panel sizing with these inputs
Required battery nameplate energy: 15.278 kWh
Open battery sizing with these inputs
Inverter continuous tier: 2,000 W
Required continuous rating: 1,150 W
Required startup power: 2,500 W
Open inverter sizing with these inputs
Average daily generation covers daily AC use. Storage covers the selected sunless days; extra recovery charging is not sized.
How it works
Average daily generation covers daily AC use. Storage covers the selected sunless days; extra recovery charging is not sized.
panels = ceil(daily_AC_kWh × 1000 / (panel_W × sun_hours × PV_derate))battery_kWh = daily_AC_kWh × autonomy_days / (DoD × inverter_efficiency) × (1 + buffer)continuous_need = max(noncontinuous_W + 1.25 × continuous_W, 1.15 × running_W)inverter = smallest tier ≥ continuous_need and tier × 1.5 ≥ startup_W
PV_derate- PV-to-delivered-AC factor (0.4–1)
inverter_efficiency- Battery inverter efficiency (0.7–1)
startup_W- Enter total startup demand, including other running loads. For loads with no startup surge, enter the running watts again.
Assumptions
- PV derate includes the PV-to-AC path, including storage losses when applicable. Inverter efficiency separately converts autonomy AC energy to battery nameplate energy; it is not applied again to PV demand.
- Illustrative load: 5 kWh/day, 1,000 W running, 2,500 W startup. Other defaults reuse the standalone tools: 400 W panels, 5 sun hours, 0.75 PV factor, 2 days, 0.8 DoD, 0.9 efficiency and 0.1 battery buffer.
- Surge watts are an engineering estimate — about 3× running for motor/compressor loads, 1× for resistive/electronic ones. Exact inrush varies by model.
FAQ
Will this recharge the battery after several cloudy days?
The panel array covers average daily use only. Additional recovery energy and a recharge deadline need a separate energy budget.
Why can startup power increase the inverter size?
The same tier rules as the inverter tool check both continuous watts and startup watts. A 1,000 W running load with 2,500 W startup needs a 2,000 W tier.
Do detail links reproduce these results?
Yes. Links carry the same inputs to the panel, battery and inverter tools, including manual power or appliance selections. Each tool applies its own supported ranges.
Sources
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